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| info:basic_commands [2009/12/03 16:21] – moritz | info:basic_commands [2011/07/22 13:10] – [HTTP/FTP] spelling moritz |
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| * ''mv'' moves a file, where path is relative to current directory: mv [path]filename [path]filname | * ''mv'' moves a file, where path is relative to current directory: mv [path]filename [path]filname |
| * ''file'' reveals what content type a file is. Use it to test if a file is text, image, binary or whatever. | * ''file'' reveals what content type a file is. Use it to test if a file is text, image, binary or whatever. |
| * ''find'' can be used to find files. Use ''find -name \*.txt'' to find all text files in the current directory. To delete the files found, use ''find -name ... -print | xargs rm''. As an alternative, use ''rm $(find -name ...)'', but this functionality depends on the shell. | * ''find'' and ''rm'' can be used in combination to delete files found by ''find''. e.g. this will recursively remove all files with extension ''.txt'' in the current directory: ''find . -name \*.txt -print0 | xargs -0 rm''\\ As an alternative, it is possible to use some shell features: ''rm $(find -name \*.txt)'' |
| * ''sudo'' starts a process with super user (=root) capabilities. To start a root shell, use ''sudo su''. If ''sudo'' is not installed, use ''su'' instead. It requires not the current user's password but the root password. | * ''sudo'' starts a process with super user (=root) capabilities. To start a root shell, use ''sudo su''. If ''sudo'' is not installed, use ''su'' instead. It requires not the current user's password but the root password. |
| * ''less'' helps to look at what a file stores. | * ''less'' helps to look at what a file stores. |
| * ''cat'' reads a file and prints it to ''stdout'' (the console if invoked as-is.) | * ''cat'' reads a file and prints it to ''stdout'' (the console if invoked as-is.) To read from STDIN, pass ''-'' as the file to read. This can be used to create a file by entering its content in the console. Use ''cat - > new_file'' and paste the content to quickly create a new file with content. To end the file, press Ctrl+D, which produces the EOF-character. |
| * ''locate'' locates all files that contain a given string. | * ''locate'' locates all files that contain a given string. |
| * ''grep'' searches input for matching lines. To search all files in the current directory (and sub directories), use ''grep -r . -e "text"''. | * ''grep'' searches input for matching lines. To search all files in the current directory (and sub directories), use ''grep -r . -e "text"''. |
| * ''man'' shows the manual for some command. Sometimes ''info'' shows a more detailed documentation. | * ''man'' shows the manual for some command. Sometimes ''info'' shows a more detailed documentation. |
| * ''dmesg'' prints kernel messages. | * ''dmesg'' prints kernel messages. |
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| | ===== Networking Tools ===== |
| | ==== HTTP/FTP ==== |
| | * Use ''wget'' to download files from HTTP and FTP. The tool allows recursive downloading, i.e. also fetch outgoing links from some HTML page. To restrict the files downloaded to a certain type (by file suffix), use the ''-A'' option: <code>wget -r http://some.host/path/to/file.html -A pdf</code> downloads all PDFs referenced by the HTML file. |
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| ===== Piping ===== | ===== Piping ===== |
